Income And Substitution Effect Consumer Theory

Income effect and substitution effect are the components of price effect i e.
Income and substitution effect consumer theory. 11 we see that bread being a normal good the fall in its price led the consumer to buy more of it as a result of consumer s real income gain. The decrease in quantity demanded due to increase in price of a product. Income effect arises because a price change changes a consumer s real income and substitution effect occurs when consumers opt for the product s substitutes. The substitution effect also led to an increase in consumption of bread.
If two commodities are perfect complements the substitution effect of a fall in the price of x 1 or p 1 is zero so the change in demand is entirely due to income effect. In case of normal goods both the income effect and substitution effect move in the same direction.